Router Orchestration Plan Capabilities

The Application Orchestration Layer for Financial Markets

FinP2P serves as an open Application Orchestration Layer—the TCP/IP of financial markets. Just as TCP/IP enabled the seamless connection of networks to create the internet, FinP2P unifies investor and asset identities, enables peer-to-peer communication between financial institutions, and orchestrates blockchain-native transactions across an unlimited universe of applications. At the heart of this system, FinP2P Routers translate business Intents into actionable Orchestration Plans—automatically determining the optimal course of action based on the underlying assets, platforms, and available capabilities.

Overview: Intent-Driven Orchestration

The Router orchestration plan represents the core orchestration engine of the FinP2P protocol, transforming high-level business intents into coordinated financial operations across multiple institutions and their underlying ledger technologies.

Intents: Outcomes Over Orchestration Steps

Intents fundamentally change how investors interact with financial markets by replacing explicit orchestration steps with desired outcomes. Instead of investors needing to understand the mechanics of cross-chain transactions, they simply express what they want to achieve. The system handles all complexity.

This intent-based model provides critical safety benefits for investors. When asked to provide cryptographic signatures, investors can understand and verify the business operation they're approving (e.g., "Buy 100 bonds for $10,000") rather than attempting to validate complex technical transaction steps they cannot reasonably comprehend. This makes the system inherently safer:

• Investor Focus: Investors provide cryptographic signatures on their business intent, not on orchestration details they cannot verify
• Informed Consent: Investors sign what they understand—the business outcome—not technical implementation
• Risk Reduction: Eliminates the danger of investors inadvertently signing malicious technical transactions
• Smart Contract Verification: Intent signatures are verified directly on ledger smart contracts
• Automatic Translation: The system converts intents into optimal orchestration paths

Connecting Investors to Applications

FinP2P connects investors to applications via intents, not just blockchains to blockchains. This creates a universal application layer where:

• Application Interoperability: Any app can process intents from any investor
• Developer Simplicity: Developers only need to embed standard intent orders in protocol actions
• Seamless Experience: Investors get cross-chain experiences without understanding the underlying complexity

The Intent to Orchestration Flow

1. Intent Expression: Investors cryptographically sign their desired outcome (Buy, Sell, Subscribe, Redeem, etc.)
2. Orchestration Translation: Routers automatically translate these intents into optimal orchestration plans
3. Agreement and Processing: All parties agree on the orchestration plan and process it atomically
4. On-Chain Verification: Smart contracts verify the intent signatures, ensuring investor authorization

This intent-based architecture ensures that investors can focus on what they want to achieve, while the system handles the complexity of how to achieve it across different platforms and technologies.

Supported Intent Types

FinP2P supports a comprehensive and flexible range of business intents, allowing for diverse asset combinations and transaction complexities.

Core Business Intents

Flexible Value Exchange Patterns

Intents enable a variety of flexible value exchange patterns:

Multi-Asset Orchestration

The platform expertly handles complex multi-asset scenarios:

• Basket Trades: Multiple assets against a single payment.
• Portfolio Swaps: Exchanging many assets for many other assets.
• Complex Settlements: Managing multi-party, multi-asset transactions.
• Structured Products: Bundling assets with diverse characteristics.

Multi-Step Transaction Lifecycles

Intents can encompass complete transaction lifecycles, from initiation to completion:

• Repo Trades: Initial settlement followed by a maturity reversal.
• Securities Lending: Loan initiation, collateral management, and return.
• Conditional Transactions: Step-based processing with defined triggers.
• Lifecycle Events: Handling corporate actions, dividend payments, and redemptions.

The system automatically translates each intent type into appropriate orchestration structures based on underlying assets, source platforms, and specific transaction terms, allowing investors to focus purely on their business objectives.

Asset-Driven Orchestration Selection

Understanding Asset Capabilities

Each asset source (blockchain, tokenization platform, or ledger) defines specific capabilities and behaviors that determine how orchestrations are constructed:

Asset Source Properties

• Atomic Capability: Whether the platform supports atomic swaps
• Hold Functionality: Ability to lock assets temporarily
• Smart Contract Support: Availability of programmable logic
• Settlement Finality: Time to irreversible settlement
• Interoperability Features: Cross-chain communication capabilities

Dynamic Orchestration Building

Based on these properties, the Router automatically determines the optimal orchestration structure:

• Assets on atomic-capable platforms → Atomic orchestration
• Assets with hold functionality → Escrow-based DvP
• Mixed platform capabilities → Hybrid orchestration approaches

Best Course of Action: Intelligent Transaction Orchestration

The Best Orchestration Principle

When translating intents to orchestration plans, Routers follow a "Best Course of Action" hierarchy that prioritizes efficiency, risk mitigation, and settlement finality, utilizing various orchestration mechanisms, and also determines whether to hold the asset or cash or both:

• Atomic Orchestration (Preferred)
• Delivery versus Payment (DvP)
• Alternative Settlement Methods (e.g., Delivery versus Delivery (DvD), Payment versus Payment (PvP), Free of Payment (FoP), Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLC))

Orchestration Analysis and Routing

The participating Routers collectively analyze each intent to determine how to break it down into an agreed set of instructions, considering:

• Asset locations and capabilities across participating institutions
• Optimal orchestration mechanism based on platform features
• Performance optimization opportunities

Developer Integration Simplicity

For developers building applications on FinP2P:

• Standard Intent Format: Embed standard intent orders in any protocol action
• No Chain-Specific Logic: Write once, process anywhere across chains
• Automatic Routing: The system handles cross-chain complexity automatically
• Universal Compatibility: Applications work with any asset on any supported chain

How It Works

The Orchestration Plan: A Full Agreement Protocol

The orchestration plan is a mechanism for cross-ledger financial transactions between organizations in the FinP2P network. It implements a full agreement protocol where all participating routers are guaranteed to reach agreement on the final state.

Key Design: Proposal-Approval Cycles

The orchestration plan operates through proposal-approval cycles at every stage:

1. Plan Agreement: Uses proposal-approval cycle to reach initial agreement on the orchestration structure
2. Instruction Confirmation: Each instruction completion follows the same proposal-approval cycle with cryptographic proof
3. Plan Management: Operations like plan cancellation or reset also use the proposal-approval mechanism

This consistent approach ensures that every party validates and approves all operations—whether plan agreement, instruction results, or management actions—using the same agreement mechanism, with organizations optionally allowing their underlying DLT Adapters to participate in the approval process.

Guaranteed Outcome Model

The participating organization routers are guaranteed to agree on the same final state through cryptographic agreement. The orchestration plan will always reach a deterministic final state, which could be:

• Success State: All instructions completed as planned
• Agreed Exit States: Predefined exit points for specific scenarios as defined in the plan, including reversion if a critical step fails

Each step's conditions and outcomes are defined in the plan, ensuring predictable behavior. Steps may be conditional on the success of previous ones, with the plan specifying whether failures should trigger reversion to the initial state or progression to a custom exit state. This deterministic approach ensures all parties know exactly what will happen in any scenario.

From Intent to Settlement: The Complete Flow

Phase 1: Agreement

1. Proposal Formation: Once an orchestration plan is formed from the investor's intent, it becomes a proposal sent to all participating routers (including the sender's approval)
2. Local Verification: Each recipient router locally verifies the proposal and sends approval if verification passes
3. Certificate Collection: Once a router has collected approvals from all participants (certificate), it progresses to the processing phase

Phase 2: Processing

The processing phase implements sequential instruction completion with full agreement:

4. Certificate Waiting: Each router waits for approval certificates from all other routers for the previous step
5. Local Processing: Routers check if the current instruction should be processed locally. If yes:
   • Process the instruction on the underlying ledger
   • Update the Execution State with proof (receipt) or error
   • Send the signed updated state to all other routers
6. Validation and Approval: Each receiving router:
   • Validates the correctness of the Execution State
   • Validates instruction receipts (optionally using FinP2P Verification with other routers on the same DLT)
   • Updates local state and sends signed acknowledgement to all routers
7. Iteration: Routers repeat steps 4-6 until all instructions are processed

Phase 3: Finalization

8. Termination: Routers that sent approval in the final round proceed to finalization. Each router terminates according to the commit quorum certificate or rejects if not achieved.

Integration

Intent Submission APIs

Standardized interfaces for submitting business intents:

• RESTful APIs for intent submission
• WebSocket connections for real-time updates
• SDK support for common programming languages
• Webhook notifications for status updates

Asset Source Integration

Flexible integration with various platforms:

• Blockchain adapters for public networks
• Private ledger connectors
• Traditional system interfaces
• Custodian integrations

Compliance and Governance

Built-in support for regulatory requirements:

• Intent-level compliance checks
• Orchestration audit trails
• Regulatory reporting capabilities
• Privacy-preserving processing